ABSTRACT
The condition of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 characterizing DKI Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta Provinces which have a high population density in 2019, necessitates implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) to control or break the chain of the spread of COVID-19. The LSSR policy that limits community activities, be it business activities, transportation, and the industrial sector, will impact social activities and the environment due to the reduced intensity of community activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in Jakarta, Surabaya and Yogyakarta during the prepandemic and during the pandemic. The method used is the tropospheric CO concentration extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite data. The CO data were retrieved and calculated using Google Earth Engine. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced CO level by 19.7%, 14.9%, and 21%, respectively. The paired t-test shows no significant difference from before the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significance of 0.05. The highest pre-pandemic average and total CO concentration levels were 0.042 and 1.0198 mol/m2 in Yogyakarta, respectively, whereas the lowest during the pandemic were 0.02845 and 0.6828 mol/m2 in Surabaya. Overall, the three cities have a weak relationship between CO level and precipitation as well as temperatures and CO level © 2023, Journal of Ecological Engineering.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
The tourism sector is one of the sectors that has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased waste generation is a significant problem that tourist areas must face during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, to reduce the impact, research was carried out on waste management before and during the pandemic in regional tourism areas, especially in the eastern part of Java and Bali. This study aims to analyze the changes and composition of waste and during the COVID-19 pandemic in tourist areas in the Eastern Tourism Areas of Java and Bali. Collecting, processing data, and statistical analysis carry out the research method. Based on the study results, the waste generation generated in eight eastern regencies of Java and Bali experienced a change between-5.67% to 1.82%. Plastic waste increased by 27.61% during the pandemic, while mask waste increased by 1.23% in one area. Waste management also changed from-0.011% to 1.821%. The analysis results using ANOVA showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the amount of waste generated by the eight tourist areas, with the main contribution caused by an increase in mask waste. © 2023, Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE). All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Waste in the archipelagic border area must be appropriately managed to maintain diplomatic relations. Indonesia's Riau Islands Province is an archipelagic region in Indonesia with limited solid waste infrastructure development. The capacity of the waste infrastructure depends on the rate of waste generation and is influenced by the socioeconomic conditions of the community. This study aims to study the model for estimating the rate of waste generation in the Riau Islands. This study uses data before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019 and 2020. The estima-tion model uses a multiple linear regression model with independent variables such as gross regional domestic product, access sanitation, total population, and human development index. The fixed variable is the incidence of waste generation rate. During the pandemic Covid-19, the generation and composition of waste in the Riau Islands Archipelago did not experience significant changes, so the waste generation and composition characteristics are the same. However, the variable human development index (0.053) and the population (0.012) significantly increase the waste generation rate. The gross regional domestic product (0.017) negatively correlates, reducing the waste generation rate. The Riau Islands, which has an ocean area of 96%, is a source of life and significant to manage because the waste can be released into the ocean. Therefore, management from sources through policies considering the gross regional domestic product, total population, and human development index needs to be considered to reduce waste generation in the archipelago. © 2023, Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE). All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The very high need for personal protective equipment (PPE) impacts the waste generated after using these tools. Therefore, to deal with mask waste during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was carried out on the processing of mask waste using a thermal process and studied how the potential of this process was for the effectiveness of mask waste processing during the pandemic. This research was conducted on Honeymoon Beach by collecting data on mask waste generated during the pandemic, then measuring the waste proximate, ultimate, and calorific value and testing the thermal process using TGA and Piro GC-MS measurements. Most waste masks found on Honeymoon Beach are non-reusable masks, 94.74%, while reusable masks are 5.26%. The waste is then subjected to thermal processing and analysis using TGA and Piro GC-MS. Based on the data obtained, the thermal process can reduce the mass of non-reusable and reusable mask samples by 99.236% and 88.401%, respectively. The results of the Piro GC-MS analysis show that the lit mask waste will produce fragments of compounds that can be reused as fuel. The process is simple and easy and produces residues that can be reused to reduce environmental pollution due to waste generation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global outbreak that also changes the generation of medical waste in hospital. The increasing number of people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) virus indirectly requires the management of infectious waste from patients to be safe and not have the potential to spread. The purpose of this study was to analyze the medical waste management in a hospital located in Jakarta City, Indonesia. This study employed direct observation and used secondary data in the analysis. Meanwhile, to determine the effect of the population infected with SARS-Cov-2 on medical generation, One Way ANOVA analysis was used. Data from May, 2020 showed that medical waste generation increased from 25.6 kg/month to 192.3 kg/month. The ANOVA significance test showed a value of 0.013;this indicates that the number of the infected population significantly affects the generation of medical waste. Medical waste that found during a pandemic becomes more complex, including hazmat clothes, masks, gloves, medical headgear, used bandages, injection and infusion equipment, eating and drinking utensils for patients exposed to COVID-19, and used swab and rapid test equipment. © 2022, Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
During a pandemic, social distancing will affect the occupancy rate of public transportation in DKI Jakarta. The number of usually total passengers is partially occupied. Of course, this can change the carbon footprint generated for each person. For this reason, this research was conducted to determine the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions released during the COVID-19 pandemic. A direct survey has been conducted to determine the occupancy rate of mass rapid transit (MRT) vehicles and Trans Jakarta buses. Online vehicles such as cars and motorbikes were based on government policy. The results show that the MRT occupancy rate was 63±32 passengers, and for Trans Jakarta, it was 21±9 passengers. The carbon footprint from transportation that produces the most negligible CO2 emissions was MRT. The comparison obtained between the MRT and Trans Jakarta Bus's emission values were 0.026 and 0.091 kg CO2 eq/passenger. As for the online taxi transportation mode with four people, it produced the highest CO2 emissions. Therefore, the government needs have planned MRT to improve the quality of public transportation and capacity, especially in the main corridors of DKI Jakarta. © 2022 WITPress. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) receives much attention globally. On January 30, 2020, WHO has stated it was a global health emergency. The Indonesian Government requiring that all work from home and restricting access to activities outside the home. In the Bali Province, it has had a positive impact on the environment, especially for the amount of waste generation and emissions. The main objectives of this study were to analyse solid waste generation and to provide a review of issues in environmental impact during and before the pandemic of COVID-19 in Bali Province. LCA technique has been used extensively to evaluate the environmental performance of several municipal solid waste management technologies. An LCA study consists of four stages, such as goal and scope, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact analysis, and interpretation. The degraded organic carbon (DOC) value before the pandemic was 0.121 while after the pandemic the DOC reduced to 0.058. Moreover, methane and carbon dioxide production from waste generation per day was counted in this study. The total global warming potential from waste generation has been drastically reduced from 1,859.6 kg CO2eq/day to 420.8 kg CO2eq/day. © 2021, Penerbit UMT. All Rights Reserved